Homemade mini tractor for the household. We make a homemade mini tractor with a breaking frame with our own hands Homemade mini tractor 4x4 fracture drawings for assembly

Rural life involves the performance of a large number of works characteristic of this type of area. No one disputes the honor of manual labor, but the use of small-scale mechanization, in this case, can only be welcomed. However, not all categories of citizens have the opportunity to purchase a ready-made all-wheel drive mini tractor in a special store, because the price of even the “cheapest” model can be at least 50 thousand rubles.

This is where all sorts of craftsmen appear, who have adapted to make such units from all the rubbish that they have in the garage.

What a negligent owner would throw in a landfill, a savvy and resourceful person is able to turn it into a fully functional device that can perform basic agricultural work.

Quite popular, among such craftsmen, is a 4x4 do-it-yourself mini tractor, which is a rather bizarre design.

A do-it-yourself all-wheel drive mini tractor has fairly good cross-country characteristics, which makes it possible for it to perform virtually the same range of work as store counterparts, such as,.

The minitractor is an indispensable agricultural equipment for cultivating the land, planting seeds and harvesting. Especially this technique is in demand in the village, among the owners of large household plots. The cost of mini tractors in the factory version is quite high. Even the latest Chinese-made technology is sometimes not affordable for everyone. Therefore, more and more home craftsmen are trying to make a mini tractor on their own, using improvised materials.

If you decide to assemble a mini tractor with your own hands, then first of all you need to pick up a power unit for it. The latter is often used ZID engine. This is a four-stroke unit with a volume of 0.52 liters. and a capacity of 4.5 l / s, which is quite suitable for processing 2-3 hectares of land. The engine is easy to maintain, so it is often installed on various home-made equipment, moreover, it is easy to buy it on the Internet.

Another option for homemade is . This is a two-cylinder unit with a capacity of about 12 l / s and a volume of 0.42 liters. Although this type of motor has long been discontinued, there are a large number of offers on the Internet for the sale of this unit. It can be bought for approximately 5,000 - 8,000 rubles.

Often, in the manufacture of homemade tractors, craftsmen use motors from cars. For example, you can meet mini tractors with an Oka engine.

This engine has a power of 29.3 l / s and a volume of 0.649 liters. In fact, this is a VAZ engine (VAZ 21083), only in a lightweight version, since it has 2 times less weight. Distinctive feature engine from Oka is a low consumption of gasoline and high efficiency.

The more expensive option is engine from "Zhiguli". The motors of the VAZ car line have an engine power of 59 l / s (VAZ 2101) and above. A tractor with a VAZ engine is a fairly powerful unit that can cope with almost any agricultural work.

It is easiest for owners of walk-behind tractors to make a mini tractor for the household, since this unit already has all the necessary control units. It remains only to make a suitable frame, and the tractor is ready.

What to make a frame

The assembly of a mini tractor always begins with the manufacture of the frame. The frame of the minitractor acts as a base on which all components and parts of this unit are fixed. The frame should be strong enough and at the same time not very heavy. It is usually made from metal corner, profile pipe or channel. Parts are connected by welding. The frame can be one-piece or two-piece.

one piece frame the easiest to make. It is enough to weld a rectangle from a channel or a corner. Frame dimensions are calculated based on the dimensions of the engine, gearbox and other components.

Also, 4x4 mini tractors are very popular among homeowners. These are four wheel drive tractors. with broken frame. The word "all-wheel drive" means that the unit is driven by both axles, front and rear. An example of such a frame made from channel No. 10 is shown in the following photo.

Frame fracture knot most often they are made from the cardan shaft of a car, for example, from GAZ-52.

Main advantage homemade tractor with a breaking frame - this is a small turning radius of the unit. Due to its high maneuverability, the fracture minitractor is successfully used in small areas where it will be difficult to turn a minitractor with a solid frame.

Below are drawings of a frame connected by a hinge.

What to make a chassis

To assemble a mini tractor, you need to prepare its chassis. Includes wheels, front and rear axle s, transmission elements.

When choosing wheels for a mini tractor the intended use of the latter should be taken into account. If the unit is being built for the transport and pulling of goods, then a disk diameter of 16 inches will suffice. When using the tractor in the field, it is better to use more massive wheels with discs with a diameter of 18 to 24 inches.

If the drive axle in your tractor is only the rear, then front beam is made simple enough.

To make homemade front axle, as well as its rear counterpart for all-wheel drive, you will need to take 2 identical chassis units, for example, from a VAZ or Moskvich car, and shorten them. How to shorten the bridge from a VAZ car can be found in this video.

Important! Bridges must have the same gearboxes, with the same gear ratio. Otherwise, front and rear wheels when the tractor is moving, they will rotate at different speeds.

Since the bridges already have a built-in mechanism for transmitting rotational motion to the wheel axle, it is not necessary to make a home-made gearbox.

Benefits of installing hydraulics

Hydraulics is installed on a minitractor in order to ensure the operation of some of its mechanisms and facilitate the management of this unit. The unit with installed hydraulics has its advantages.

1. The car becomes easy to control. The steering wheel can be turned with almost no effort with one hand.
2. Hydraulics makes it possible to use various attachments.
3. The use of hydraulics allows you to upgrade the braking system. Thanks to the hydraulic cylinders installed on the unit, the braking of the unit occurs instantly.

You can make hydraulics on a mini tractor if you purchase a ready-made system in a store in advance or use parts from old agricultural machinery.

Important! When installing hydraulics on a mini tractor, it should be borne in mind that some of the engine power will be spent on servicing this unit. Therefore, for tractors with low-power engines, installing hydraulics will not bring any benefit.

What is the VOM for?

The power take-off shaft (PTO) is designed to drive various agricultural mechanisms connected to a mini tractor, for example, various cutters for tillage, potato diggers, mowers, snow blowers, etc.

PTO can be like dependent and independent. In the first case, the shaft is driven by a transmission that transmits rotational motion to the wheels. As soon as the wheels stop, the PTO stops turning. An independent PTO receives rotation from crankshaft engine. Therefore, the higher the engine speed, the faster the shaft rotates.

In addition, there are tractors with PTO synchronous type. The speed of rotation of the synchronous shaft directly depends on the gear ratio of the transmission of the moving tractor. Synchronization of movement and rotation is required when the unit is working with sowing equipment.

Making a three-point hitch

The hitch is used for tractor connections additional equipment , for example, a plow.

The hinge must be movable both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical. In the first case, mobility helps to reduce the overhang of the nozzle when taxiing. Vertical movement of the suspension is required to lower the equipment into working condition or raise it to the transport position.

A hitch on a minitractor is made from various parts taken from old agricultural machinery. Make a description of how to make three-point hitch at home is quite difficult. Therefore, it would be more correct to use the following video, which indicates the dimensions of all parts of the fixture.

Selection and installation of brakes and clutch

Brakes must be installed on the rear wheelset. Easiest to take ready-made blocks from the UAZ car. The brake pads must be installed on the wheel disks, and the control should be brought to the pedal or lever installed inside the cab.

To install the clutch on a homemade mini tractor, you can also use a ready-made option from any car. For example, you can use belt clutch from Moskvich or UAZ.

The clutch unit is attached to the gearbox, also taken from any car. You can see how the clutch is installed in this video.

Steering installation

It is quite difficult to make a steering mechanism on your own, and in principle it makes no sense, since all the details can be taken from any passenger car mobile.

When installing the steering mechanism, the steering shaft with the gear is connected to the steering arms, which are on the steering knuckles mounted on the front beam (the manufacture of the beam was discussed above).

How to make a cabin for a mini tractor

If in the summer it is possible to work on a minitractor even without a cab, then with the onset of the autumn-winter period, the use of the unit becomes rather uncomfortable or even impossible. Therefore, craftsmen are trying to assemble tractors with cabs in order to use this technique all year round.

Cabin for homemade equipment is made sheet steel according to a pre-prepared drawing. As a basis for calculations, you can take the cab from the MTZ tractor. The following photo shows a drawing, based on which you can make a cabin yourself.

Advice! If the dimensions of the cabin on the drawing do not fit the dimensions of your mini tractor, then they must be changed. But the main thing to consider when correcting dimensions is the size of the windshield and the height of the cab. Its ceiling should be 25 cm higher than the head of a person sitting in the cabin.

The cabin is made as follows.

In general, in order to better understand how a mini tractor is made with your own hands, you can watch this video, a kind of beginner's guide.

The nuances of manufacturing a caterpillar tractor

Homemade tracked mini tractors are a technique whose main feature is high maneuverability and good maneuverability. Also, a tractor on tracks creates minimal pressure on the soil, which cannot be said about its wheeled counterpart.

To make a crawler mini tractor, you will need the following structural elements.

1. Frame. It is made from a profile pipe or channel.
2. Engine. For a tracked mini tractor, it is better to use a diesel engine.
3. Main bridge. As in the manufacture of a wheeled tractor, a ready-made axle from an old car can also be used for a caterpillar unit, which should be shortened.
4. Transmission. The ideal option would be a box from the GAZ-53.
5. Clutch. A clutch unit from a GAZ-52 is suitable.
6. Caterpillars. They are made from tires from the wheels of large-sized equipment, for example, from a tractor.

For making caterpillars you need to take 2 tires from the tractor and cut off the side parts on them. Then these tires are put on the wheels mounted on the frame, as shown in the next photo.

To make the tractor turn, on the rear axle you need to install a differential that will disconnect the right or left wheel from the drive. Also, each wheel must be equipped with a brake controlled separately. When you press the brake pedal and switch the differential, one wheel of the drive axle stops, while the opposite one continues to rotate. Due to this, the tractor turns in the right direction.

Homemade minitractor with a breaking frame

When there is a need for a high-quality mechanical device, which is indispensable when digging up the soil, planting various crops, it is obvious that you need to pay a large amount for buying a colossus in a store. In order not to waste the family budget, you can build a fracture mini tractor with your own hands.

What does he represent?

Homemade mini tractor the 4X4 break looks like a standard tractor built on a walk-behind tractor. There are three types of tractors:

• homemade;
• factory;
• redone with factory tools.

Self-assembled mini tractor

Assembling a tractor with your own hands is not an easy, but rather interesting task that requires diligence and concentration. There are a large number of assembly variations, but there is an optimal design, not only for experienced, but also for novice designers. The design is shown in the photo.

The design of a homemade mini tractor

Let's look at the frame design first. Regardless of the angularity from the outside, all the nodes that connect and the chassis parts are rationally distributed.

The main parts of the frame:

1. spars;
2. traverse.

The tractor spars have a three-stage assembled structure. The front steps are made of channels of the tenth size, the last one is made of a square-shaped pipe (steel material), with sides 80X80 mm. The rear traverse is also made from a channel of the sixteenth size, and in front - the twelfth. Exactly the same system is suitable for the preparation of the crossbar.

For a tractor, you can choose any engine that is suitable in terms of power. The best option is a 4-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine. In terms of power - 40 hp, but as for a self-made model of a mini tractor for the purpose of working on home plots, this is quite enough.

The PTO transfer case and gearbox will fit from an ownerless GAZ-53 (or similar model), and the clutch will fit from a GAZ-52. For docking the clutch basket with power unit it is important to remake the engine flywheel and build an updated basket casing in order to fit the required size. The flywheel is processed on a lathe for turners. You need to cut off the area at the back and carve another span in the middle.

The bridge is integrated into the mechanism without significant changes. It can be applied to any size. Four stepladders facilitate fastening to the frame. cardan shaft can be compiled with different cars. Good shock absorption is achieved through the installation of 18-inch tires.

Installing the wheels on the hubs is very simple. You can see that a part of it is cut out of the disk in the center with a hole for installation, instead of which the central part of the disk from the ZIL-130 is welded. Bridge under construction in front on your own- you don’t need to have serious skills for this, since he is not a leader. To simplify the assembly process, you can rearrange the bridge from other machines.

Wheelbase

Wheelbase, for a mini tractor, it is important to pay special attention. Of course, it is quite enough to use wheels from passenger car, but here it is worth walking measuredly. The required dimensions of the wheel disks, for the front axle, are approximately 14 inches. If you choose a smaller diameter, then there is a risk of incorrect operation of the mini tractor in the future. After all, it is important for us that the tractor does not fall into the ground. But there is another side of the coin - if the front wheels are unnecessarily huge, the driver will have to gain strength in order to perform certain maneuvers. It will be physically hard. But this process can be simplified with the help of power steering.